

“PEMURNIAN DEBATE WR VS. IR: THE FIRST DEBATE ON EPISTEMIC CHAIN OF EASTERN WORLD RELATIONS VIS-A-VIS WESTERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS” (INDONESIA, 26 APRIL 2026)
Ruang Pakar Ke-4 Perhimpunan Kajian Keamanan Dunia (RP4-PKKD) has declared “PEMURNIAN DEBATE WR VS. IR: THE FIRST DEBATE ON EPISTEMIC CHAIN OF EASTERN WORLD RELATIONS VIS-A-VIS WESTERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS” on 26 April 2026 that was attended by 40 Indonesian Scholars as Declarators and 1 Initiator, namely Adi Rio Arianto, who also serves as the General Chairman of the PKKD. The following are the names of the Declarators and Initiators (40+1) “Pemurnian Debate 2026″:
The opening of the Pemurnian Debate 2026 will be the main gateway for codifying the epistemic chain of World Relations (WR), International Relations (IR), and World Security (WS) related to the paradigms, philosophies, theories, concepts, models, and patterns of original ideas from Indonesian scholars for the formation of the “Mazhab Indonesia” or “Indonesian School of World Relations“.
To achieve adequate codification of the epistemic chain with Indonesian characteristics, PKKD together with the Indonesian School continues to conduct targeted recruitment through the RP4-PKKD series by inviting scholars who have original ideas for the development of World Relations (WR), International Relations (IR), and World Security (WS).
These ideas were introduced by the PKKD and the Mazhab Indonesia (Indonesian School) on a rolling basis throughout 2026, until the codification for the formation of the “Indonesian School of World Relations.” The following are some key points related to the initial codification at the Opening of the Pemurnian Debate 2026:
The following is the background to the birth of the idea “PEMURNIAN DEBATE WR VS. IR: THE FIRST DEBATE ON EPISTEMIC CHAIN OF EASTERN WORLD RELATIONS VIS-A-VIS WESTERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS” which is then known as the “Pemurnian Debate 2026”.
Knowledge about organizing the world has often been pursued in very complex ways, from ancient times to the present. From the ancient era to the new (modern) era. From ancient Asia to modern Europe. From ancient Africa to modern America. Even from ancient Eurasia to modern Australia. Social and Political Sciences, which are part of the Humanities, have many approaches to organizing the world, one of which is the discipline of “International Relations.” For centuries, since 1919, the discipline of International Relations has shaped the world based on Western values rooted in the traditions of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
Not only that, the discipline of International Relations also offers a major paradigm in understanding the world order from a Western perspective, namely “International Relations” which is rooted in Western traditions that began to be adopted from the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) in Ancient Greece until rolling to the Peace of Westphalia (1648) in Europe. The most robust Western tradition and adopted to this day is the question of Liberal values rooted in materialism-secularism born in the Renaissance (Enlightenment) which was then used to build the world in the West (Atlantical) and exported on a large scale to the East (Manunggal).
What about the Eastern world? The Eastern world has lost its way for centuries since the Renaissance (Western Enlightenment) which resulted in the loss of the East’s relevance in that era. Therefore, after experiencing a long period of loss of relevance, the Eastern world began to find a way to be able to re-establish that relevance in the current century by offering a form of interaction and discipline of “World Relations” rooted in the traditions of Ancient Indonesia (Ancient Nusantara), Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, and Ancient Persia that spread to all continents of Asia, Africa, and Eurasia to form the Eastern tradition (Manunggal). In Ancient Indonesia, it began with the thoughts of Meganthropus paleojavanicus in the form of symbols that must be able to be deciphered by modern humans.
The Western world views world order through the discipline of International Relations, which focuses on the study of materialistic state interactions as international relations. Furthermore, the discipline of International Relations has produced various paradigms, philosophies, and theories about world organization through an accumulation of thought methods known as “Western International Relations Theory (WIRT).
Meanwhile, the Eastern World’s method of thinking in viewing the world order has not been well codified. Therefore, the Eastern World needs to introduce new ideas in the form of the “Discipline of World Relations” which focuses on the geometric interaction of “Tata Bawana (Fifth Base of World Security)” by presenting “Eastern World Relations Theory (EWRT)”. In an effort to present a balance of disciplines regarding how to organize the world, the Pemurnian Debate wants to offer a new method of thinking to understand the world order from the Eastern and compare it with the Western method of thinking in terms of viewing the world.
For centuries after the early Renaissance (Western Enlightenment), the Western (Atlantical) world has built a world peace system through a Liberal approach and shared it with the Eastern (Manunggal) world in a highly exploitative manner (Hobbes, 1642; Thucydides, 1972; Hegel, 2012; Herodotus, 2013; Darwin, 2017; Machiavelli, 2019). This occurs because the reproduction of knowledge in the Social Sciences, including International Relations (IR), creates hegemony (power over knowledge, both methods and goals) and epistemic inequality (Mas’oed, 1990; Dugin, 2009; Acarya and Buzan, 2010; Said, 2016; Arianto and Anggraini, 2023; Demak Declaration, 2024; Mas’oed, 2024).
Mochtar Mas’oed, in the 12th National Convention of the Indonesian International Relations Association (AIHII) 2021 at Gadjah Mada University, invited us to explore the epistemic chain in understanding the world with his very provocative epistemic statement that “Eropa menghasilkan pengetahuan berdasarkan pengalaman sejarahnya yang sangat parokial, sangat Eropa “Eurocentric” bahkan sangat “Anglo-Saxon”, tetapi itu diakui sebagai pengetahuan universal. Jadi, misalnya kita mempelajari Perang Diponegoro (Perang Jawa) maka yang dipakai adalah perang di Eropa…sehingga terjadilah proses penunggalan-penunggalan ontologi dan penunggalan epistemologi (Europe produces knowledge based on its historical experiences, which are very parochial, very “Eurocentric,” even very “Anglo-Saxon,” yet they are recognized as universal knowledge. So, for example, when we study the Diponegoro War (Java War), we use an analysis of the war in Europe…thus, a process of ontological singularity and epistemological singularity occurs)” (Mas’oed, 2021).
Amitav Acharya dalam pergumulan epistemiknya menyatakan kekagumannya atas ide Sukarno yang sangat revolusioner dan provokatif soal bagaimana pemimpin Indonesia melihat Tatanan Dunia yang kemudian mendorong berbagai diskusi epistemik di Asia hingga wacana tersebut meluas di tingkat internasional dengan menyatakan bahwa ”In the 1960s, Indonesia’s Sukarno expounded a radical conception of North-South conflict by arguing that the main division of the world was not through the Cold War, but through the struggle between the ‘Old Established Forces’ (OLDEFOS) and the ‘New Emerging Forces’ (NEFOS)” (Acharya, 2019).
Adi Rio Arianto dalam Kongres Mazhab Indonesia ke-1 tahun 2024 mengajak untuk menggali lalu melakukan kodifikasi rantai epistemik Timur dengan pernyataan epistemiknya yang sangat provokatif menantang tatanan rantai epistemik Barat yang mapan bahwa “Indonesia harus berani mendefinisikan ulang dunia abad ke-21 melalui penataan kembali dunia atas 8 (delapan) bagian yaitu sejarah, peradaban, budaya, tradisi, filsafat, ideologi, sosial, dan manusia. Inilah Era Pemurniaan. Dari sinilah, Deklarasi Demak 2024, Indonesia mengambil tanggung jawab membangun Perdamaian Manunggal (“Indonesia must boldly redefine the 21st-century world by restructuring a World Relations on eight parts: history, civilization, culture, tradition, philosophy, ideology, society, and humanity. This is the Era of Purification. From here, Demak Declaration 2024, Indonesia assumes the responsibility of building Manunggal Peace)” (Arianto, 2024).
Sekilas garis waktu tercapainya kodifikasi Deklarasi Demak 2024 berdasarkan hasil dari Kongres Mazhab Indonesia Ke-1 pada tanggal 28 Agustus – 28 September 2024 dengan mengangkat tema utama “Era Manunggalian: Menggerakkan Nilai-Nilai Keindonesiaan (Pemurnian) Untuk Mewujudkan Tata Dunia Baru Abad Ke-21.” Kongres Mazhab Indonesia Ke-1 dilangsungkan dalam empat rangkaian pertemuan epistemik yaitu:
Adapun delapan Pranata Dunia yang tertuang dalam Deklarasi Demak 2024 yaitu:
Kongres Mazhab Indonesia Ke-1 pada 28 Agustus-28 September 2024 yang mengusung tema utama “Era Manunggalian: Menggerakkan Nilai-Nilai Keindonesiaan (Pemurnian) Untuk Mewujudkan Tata Dunia Baru Abad Ke-21” memiliki pertalian kuat dengan Kongres Perhimpunan Kajian Keamanan Dunia Ke-1 pada 20 November 2022 yang mengangkat tema utama “Keamanan Dunia Abad Ke-21: Era Pemurnian”.
Kedua kongres tersebut sama-sama bersumbangsih pada era Manunggalian. Kongres Perhimpunan Kajian Keamanan Dunia Ke-1 terlaksana dibawah nasihat dan arahan dari Broto Wardoyo, S.Sos., MA., Ph.D; Drs. Muhadi Sugiono, MA; Dr. Nanda Avalist , S.IP., M.Si; Dr. Sugeng Riyanto, M.Si; Dr. Ian Montratama, SE., MEB; Dr. Phil. Shiskha Prabawaningtyas, S.IP., MA.; dan Pradono Budi Saputro, S.Hum., M.Si.. dan juga mengikutsertakan seluruh masukan dari scholar PKKD yang berjumlah 40 anggota saat terlaksananya Kongres 1 PKKD 2022.
Berangkat dari kondisi di atas, PKKD berkesempatan untuk merespon wacana hegemoni dan ketidaksetaraan epistemik atas Nilai-Nilai Liberal. Dalam konteks ini, Nilai-Nilai Timur (Manunggal) menjadi alternatif dalam menganalisis asal usul sifat alamiah manusia di Asia, Afrika, dan Eurasia. Upaya menyajikan keseimbangan disiplin ilmu mengenai cara menata dunia, kerangka ini menawarkan metode berpikir baru (paradigma, filsafat, dan teori) memahami tanan dunia dari Timur melalui inisiatif Ruang Pakar ke-4 Perhimpuanan Kajian Keamanan Dunia (RP4-PKKD) dengan memulai kodifikasi “DEBAT PEMURNIAN HD VS. HI: DEBAT PERTAMA RANTAI EPISTEMIK HUBUNGAN DUNIA TIMUR VIS-A-VIS HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL BARAT”. Debat Pemurnian dibuka pada tanggal 26 April 2026 di Indonesia dengan mengajukan 3 pertanyaan dasar epistemik sebagai berikut:
Tiga pertanyaan di atas adalah deklaratif provokasi epistemik dan debat literatur. Untuk itu, PKKD mengajukan proposisi berupa: 15 kategori substansi Timur vs. Barat; 2 Ideologi Induk: Manularisme vs. Sekularisme; 8 Pondasi Hubungan Dunia (HD); 8 Pranata Dunia Timur; 7 Prinsip Nilai Timur (asumsi Eastern World Relations Theory/EWRT); 7 Sistem (moral) HD; 8 Struktur (aktor) HD; dan 2 Polarisme (kutub) HD.
Dalam rangka menyajikan proposisi di atas, PKKD mengajukan 3 syarat batasan yaitu:
Seluruh proses yang ditempuh oleh RP4-PKKD dalam menemukan jawaban dari 3 pertanyaan di atas disebut dengan istilah “Debat Pemurnian” yang memperkuat berjalannya Era “Manunggalian” sejak 2024. Sesuai hasil Kongres PKKD Ke-1 2022, Ruang Pakar PKKD adalah diskusi epistemik terkait perkembangan keilmuwan Kajian Keamanan Dunia dan Kajian Hubungan Internasional untuk mendiskusikan secara mendalam bangunan rantai epistemik dari segi paradigma, filsafat, metodologi, perspektif, teori, konsep, model, kasus, fenomena, dll. RP4-PKKD menghadirkan pembicara khusus eksternal dan internal PKKD yang dihadiri oleh scholar dan khalayak umum dalam rangka membangun tradisi kajian dan debat epistemik yang adil dari semua level scholar termasuk akademisi, sipil, dan militer.
Dalam membuka Debat Pemurnian, RP4-PKKD memberikan kesempatan kepada Adi Rio Arianto sebagai Inisiator Debat Pemurnian untuk memaparkan dan menguraikan secara detil pandangan epistemiknya tentang Hubungan Dunia serta jalan bagaimana Hubungan Dunia menemukan relevansinya dengan mengimbangi Hubungan Internasional melalui penelusuran rantai epistemik dengan memperkenalkan 15 kategori substansi Timur vs. Barat; 2 Ideologi Induk: Manularisme vs. Sekularisme; 8 Pondasi Hubungan Dunia (HD); 8 Pranata Dunia Timur; 7 Prinsip Nilai Timur (asumsi Eastern World Relations Theory/EWRT); 7 Sistem (moral) HD; 8 Struktur (aktor) HD; dan 2 Polarisme (kutub) HD.
Debat Pemurnian ditujukan untuk menjawab asal-usul dan makna ontologis Hubungan Dunia dan Hubungan Internasional, bagaimana metode penggalian dan kodifikasi terhadap rantai epistemik epistemologis Hubungan Dunia dan Hubungan Internasional, dan menemukan tujuan aksiologis bahwa pendekatan HD diperlukan dari pendekatan HI dalam melihat dunia (world-view) melampaui perdamaian (pax) vs. perang (war).
Debat Pemurnian berusaha menyelami eksistensi dan substansi dari semua filsafat bangsa-bangsa (baik filsafat Timur maupun filsafat Barat) melalui kombinasi sains ilmiah, penelusuran sejarah teks-teks kuno, dan risalah mistisisme; menganalisis secara kritis semangat zaman terkini di seluruh dunia; serta mensintesiskan paradigma, filsafat, dan teori untuk tata bawana.
Kodifikasi Debat Pemurnian ditujukan untuk menghubungkan Jaringan Epistemik Indonesia “Mazhab Indonesia” (Indonesian School of World Relations) dengan Jaringan Epistemik seperti Mazhab Inggris, Mazhab Amerika, Mazhab Kopenhagen, Mazhab Kanadian, Mazhab Rusia, Mazhab Prancis, Mazhab Frankfurt, Mazhab India, Mazhab China, dan mazhab lainnya.
Hasil kodifikasi Debat Pemurnian berusaha membangun cara-cara berfilsafat Ketimuran memperkuat Eastern World Relations Theory (EWRT) berbasis Mistisisme-Manularisme mengimbangi cara-cara berfilsafat Kebaratan Western International Relations Theory (WIRT) berbasis Materialisme-Sekularisme. Sintesisnya adalah Discipline of World Relations (Disiplin Hubungan Dunia) seperti yang tertuang dalam karya “Manunggalism: Paradigm, Philosophy, and Theory to View the World Relations (WR) Belong to Indonesian School (Mazhab Indonesia) in Manunggalian Era 21st Century.” https://digitalpress.ugm.ac.id/article/433
Indonesia, 26 April 2026
Ketua Umum PKKD sekaligus Inisiator Debat Pemurnian 2026 pada Ruang Pakar Ke-4 Perhimpunan Kajian Keamanan Dunia (RP4-PKKD)
Adi Rio Arianto