What is World Relations Theory?

What is World Relations Theory? World Relations (WR) or Eastern World Relations Theory (WRT) is an idea built by the Indonesian School (Manunggalism): Indonesian School of World Relations which tries to offer a way of seeing the world (worldview) based on Eastern world values called World Manunggalian Values (Nilai-Nilai Kemanunggalan Dunia), namely Gotong Royong, Kesatuan, and Kerukunan.

World Relations Theory: Eight Foundations

Eastern World Relations Theory or World Relations, abbreviated as “WR”, is a discipline that studies ways to organize “world order” (tata bawana) through a study of eight basic knowledges as its foundations, namely inter-history, inter-civilization, inter-culture, inter-tradition, inter-philosophy, inter-ideology, inter-society, and inter-human nature.

This are the core summary of eight foundations in tracing the tracing on ontological, epistemological, and axiological of phenomena in Eastern world based on philosophy of nations of the Eastern World through a combination of scientific knowledge, historical exploration of ancient texts, and mysticism treatises; critically analyses the current spirit of times around the world; and synthesizing paradigms, philosophy, and theory:

Categorization	EASTERN WORLD
Dicipline	Hubungan Dunia / Ilmu Antarbangsa *(World Relations)*
Definition (the meaning of interaction)	World Relations is a dicipline that studies ways to organize the “world order” based on the basis of the world order Geometricalism Worlds “Tata Bawana” as World-Nations” by incorporating elements of mythology (metaphysics/mystics) as first priority into the politics to lead and rule the world order as the main foundation for giving birth to “Manularism” (cooperating politic with God).
Paradigm (worldview to world order and security)	Fifth Base World Security: The primacy of Mythology (Metaphysics, mystics, or ilmu kebatinan) for the utilization of all “Geometrism” principles includes physical, metaphysical, psychological, ideational, and geometrical bases.
Covenant Foundation	Peace of Namer (3100 BC), Peace of Kadesh (1274 BC), Peace of Antalcidas (387 BC), Peace of Medina (622)
Era of Power	Manunggalian (Era Pemurnian). Purification era.
Historical roots	Manunggal: Asia, Africa, Eurasia
Civilizational and Cultural roots	Nusantara (Ancient Indonesia) , Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia
Traditionsal root on war and peace	Cooperation is advancing the world order by prioritizing peace in political order, while war comes later (War as a last resort)
Philosophical roots	Ptahhotep was the founder of the Ptahhotep Academy/Memphis School with his work “The Wisdom of the East”
Ideological and societal roots	Manuler is Manupolitics.
World Relations System (moral)	Man is obedient creature: Barbarianism, Communalism, Gotong Royong
World Relations Structure (actor)	World-nations: Imperium, kingdom, sultanate, and city-nations
World Relations Polarism (axis)	Multipolar: Multilateralism and Manunggalizations
Main Theories	Manunggalism, Communalism, Waliism, and the expansion of the theories: Geometripolitika, Fifth Base World Security, Theory of Manunggal Peace.
Main Concepts	Manupolitik, Geometripolitization, Concordism/Harmony (Kerukunan), Adibumi, etc.

Source: A.R. Arianto and G. Anggraini (2023) “Manunggalism: Paradigm, Philosophy, and Theory to View the World Relations (WR) Belong to Indonesian School (Mazhab Indonesia) in Manunggalian Era 21st Century”, UGM Digital Press. Journal link: https://digitalpress.ugm.ac.id/article/433

The Meaning of Eastern World Relations Theory (WRT)

The following is a summary to see the meaning of Eastern World Relations Theory (WRT) or World Relations in departing from the eight foundations of knowledge.

Foundationing	Eastern World Relations Theory (WRT)
Historical	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-historical Relations”
Civilizational	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-civilizational Relations”
Cultural	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-cultural Relations”
Traditional	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-traditional Relations”
Philosopical	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-philosopical Relations”
Ideological	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-ideological Relations”
Societal	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-societal Relations”
Humankind	“World Relations is the way in organizing and theorizing Inter-humankind Relations”

The Evolutions of World Relations System

Meanwhile, the World Relations Theory sees the system, structure, and polarism of the world order by intersecting of the Eastern world and the Western world. The following is brief table to understand the World Relations System from ancient world.

World Relations System	Eastern World Relations System	Western World Relations System
Pre-World Relations System	Paganism (Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt)	Non-Paganism (Ancient Greek)
1^st World Relations System	Barbarianism (Ancient Egypt) followed by adherents of the Ancient East and its descendants “Cooperating with God and Nature” (Animism & Dynamism)	Primitivism (Ancient Greek) followed by adherents of the Ancient West and its derivatives “Cooperating with God” (Statism)
2^nd World Relations System	Barbarianism (Ancient Egypt) followed by adherents of the Ancient East and its descendants “Cooperating with God and Nature” (Animism & Dynamism)	Primitivism (Ancient Greek) followed by adherents of the Ancient West and its derivatives “Cooperating with God” (Statism)
3^rd World Relations System	Barbarianism (Persian) followed by adherents of the Ancient East and its descendants “Cooperating with God and Nature” (Animism & Dynamism)	Laissez Faires (Ancient Rome) followed by adherents of Liberalism and its derivatives “Freed from God” (Secularism)
4^th World Relations System	Barbarianism (Persian) followed by adherents of the Ancient East and its descendants “Cooperating with God and Nature” (Animism & Dynamism)	Anarchism (Ancient Rome) followed by adherents of Realism and its “Totally Conquering the God and nature” derivatives, (Secularism)
5^th World Relations System	Communalism (Ancient Arabic) followed by adherents of Socialism and its derivatives “Peace with God” (Communalism, Equality)	Anarchism (Ancient Rome) followed by adherents of Realism and its “Totally Conquering the God and nature” derivatives (Secularism)
6^th World Relations System	Gotong Royong followed by adherents of Manunggalism and its derivatives “United with God and Nature” (Manularism: Kapitayan, Animism, Dynamism, & Waliism)	Anarchism followed by adherents of Realism and its “Totally Conquering the God and nature” derivatives (Secularism)

Discipline of World Relations (WR)

The Indonesian School simplifies it to, World Relations is one of the many ways the Eastern World views the “World Order” as a paradigm in viewing the world, including viewing things outside the Eastern world which ultimately led to the birth of the “Discipline of World Relations.”

Furthermore, World Relations can be the main paradigm (grand paradigm) of all Eastern World views of the World in the past, present, and future. The Indonesian School offers at least eight foundations of knowledge as a tool to trace the roots of its thinking, namely: history, civilization, culture, tradition, philosophy, ideology, society, and humans.

Based on the following description, at least the study of World Relations as an event and as a discipline about how to organize and theorize about the world is built through the eight foundations of knowledge above as the basis for the formation of the Discipline of World Relations.

To understand more deeply about “Eastern World Relations Theory (WRT)” please visit the link to the work on this topic that has been published in UGM Digital Press: https://digitalpress.ugm.ac.id/article/433